The PHP E_NOTICE constant refers to run-time notices. Notices indicate that the script encountered something that could indicate an error, but could also happen in the normal course of running a script.

In Golang, the WithMessage() method allows you to annotate errors with an additional message. Often, error values by themselves don’t give enough context to be useful in debugging. Take, for example, Golang’s basic error handling technique: In Golang, errors are treated as values, so err contains the error value. In this situation, a developer could make use of the error package to add context to the code along with the failure path without destroying the original value of the error.

The PHP strpos($haystack, $needle, $offset) function is used to find the numeric position of the first occurrence of a substring in a string. The haystack parameter is the string to search in, and needle is the substring being searched for. The E_WARNING: strpos(): Empty needle warning is issued if the needle substring is empty when calling the strpos() function.

The ActionController::RoutingError is the most common error faced when working on a Ruby on Rails project - it’s equivalent to the classic 404 error in web applications. The ActionController::RoutingError indicates that there isn't a route in the application for the URL entered by the user in the browser.

The PHP InvalidArgumentException is an exception that is thrown when an inappropriate argument is passed to a function. This could be because of an unexpected data type or invalid data.

The NoMethodError is the most common error encountered in Ruby. As the name suggests, a NoMethodError occurs when the object on which we are trying to call a method or an attribute is not defined. For example when you call a method on an object that is nil or that is not defined: Output.

In Golang, wrapping errors means adding more contextual information to the error which has been returned. For example, the additional information could be the type of error, the cause of the error, or the name of the function where the error is raised. Wrapping is very useful for debugging since you can precisely and quickly locate the source of the problem.

The PHP PDOException is a runtime exception that occurs when something goes wrong while using the PDO (PHP Data Objects) class or its related extensions. For example, this exception can occur while handling database connections or queries.

The PHP ErrorException class is meant to be thrown explicitly to catch and handle errors that would otherwise be ignored, such as Notices or Warnings.

The Python TypeError: NoneType Object Is Not Iterable is an exception that occurs when trying to iterate over a None value. Since in Python, only objects with a value can be iterated over, iterating over a None object raises the TypeError: NoneType Object Is Not Iterable exception.